Non-process elements in the recovery cycle of six Finnish kraft pulp mills

In this work, the aim was to study distribution and accumulation of non-process elements (NPEs) in recovery cycle Finnish pulp mills look at whether geographical location (North vs. South) correlates with current NPE levels. addition, a comparison older similar measurements made an attempt analyze reasons behind differences most typical elements, aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), taking into account main white liquor, sodium (Na) sulfur (S). The extensive laboratory results gained are from seven sampling points six present analytical data metal concentrations. obtained presents update previous studies. levels found did not statistically differ between North South Finland. levels, apart phosphorus, today have changed considerably compared earlier investigations 1990s. newest data, concentration consistently higher as-fired black electrostatic precipitator (ESP) ash, lime mud, green liquor than results. Al, Si, Ca, P, Mg boiler ESP ash were As start close their systems more, stronger NPEs can be expected, increasing likelihood more operational problems process. Further understanding where accumulate how they effectively removed will valuable knowledge future.